Glossary

This glossary defines all new terms and abbreviations used in this manual. It does not include all terms previously established for operating systems. If you do not find the term you are looking for, refer to the index or to the Dictionary of Computing, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

addendum
The extension of a language-support file that contains individually added spellings of terms. For example, terms which have been indicated as misspelled by the spellchecker although spelled correctly.
aligning
The process of combining source segments with their corresponding target segments in an Initial Translation Memory (ITM).
analysis
A process for dividing text into segments. It checks the text against specific exclusion lists and dictionaries, and produces, on your request, a new terms list and a found terms list.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute.
API
Application programming interface.
application programming interface (API)
A software interface that enables applications to communicate with each other. An API is the set of programming language constructs or statements that can be coded in an application program to obtain the specific functions and services provided by an underlying operating system or service program.
In VTAM (R), the language structure used in control blocks so that application programs can reference them and be identified to VTAM (R).
automatic lookup
During translation, OpenTM2 performs an automatic lookup in the referenced Translation Memory and in the referenced dictionaries. For each segment, matching segment translations from theTranslation Memory are displayed as translation proposals in the “Translation Memory” window, translations of its terms are displayed in the “Dictionary” window.
automatic substitution
An option in the Translate menu. It lets you start the automatic substitution process, which translates those segments that have been previously translated by you or another translator and are stored in the Translation Memory. It is particularly useful for translating updated text. However, you still must translate new text manually.
company code
Abbreviation for a particular area of usage a translation applies to. For example, certain terms are used differently depending on the companies or clients you do translations for.
controlled folder handling
Is a concept that is only available to project coordinators. It allows them to specify, and change at any time, all properties and details for a folder, including the translators for the documents to be imported into this folder. It also allows them to ship the folder once all translations are finished.
details
See view details.
dictionary
A database that contains terms, their translation, and other related information.
dictionary entry
All data relating to a headword in a dictionary
dictionary filter
A method to select specific entries from a dictionary or only parts of these entries. The filter conditions that must be met if an entry is to pass the filter can be individually defined when printing or searching a dictionary.
dictionary print format
Specifies the layout of a printed dictionary. OpenTM2 provides standard formats described in format files that can be tailored individually. The format files are on the same disk where OpenTM2 is installed under the subdirectory eqf\prtform.
DLL
Dynamic-link library.
document file
A generic term used to describe all types of files containing information that is to be translated. Document files can be analyzed and opened for translation in the Translation Environment. The source of the document file you translate is called the original document. The document file that you edit during translation is referred to as the translation document.
document type
Depending on the different types of markup used to describe the layout of document, OpenTM2 differentiates between different document types.
dynamic-link library (DLL)
A file containing executable code and data bound to a program at load time or runtime, rather than during linking. The code and data in a dynamic-link library can be shared by several applications simultaneously.
entry fields
The various fields and styles of an entry in a dictionary, such as meaning, usage, context, abbreviation, idioms, and grammatical information. For example, the entry field Abbr. would contain the abbreviation of a headword. The combination of all entry fields of a specific headword makes up the headword’s entry in the dictionary.
entry level
The information that applies to all the templates of an entry. For example, the term itself, the author, and the date the entry was created.
entry section
Section in a dictionary. Contains all dictionary entries appearing one after another.
exact match
Each segment in the translation document is compared with the selected Translation Memory. If an identical segment is found, an exact match has occurred and the corresponding translation proposal is shown in the “Translation Memory” window. It originates from a previous translation.
exact match (1)
An exact match for which the following condition applies:The exact match occurs only once in the attached Translation Memory databases.
exact match (>=2)
An exact match for which the following condition applies:The exact match occurs at least twice in the attached Translation Memory databases.
exact-exact match
An exact match for which the following condition applies:The number of the active segment in the source document is identical (give or take 2) with that of the corresponding segment in the Translation Memory. In addition, the name of the document (document name = file name plus relative path (if available)) being translated is identical with that of the document stored in the Translation Memory.
exact context match
An exact match for which the following condition applies:The number of the active segment in the source document is not identical with that of the corresponding segment in the Translation Memory. However, the name of the document being translated is identical with that of the document stored in the Translation Memory.
exclusion list
A list containing common words such as articles, prepositions, proper nouns, and terms that occur frequently. These words are ignored when creating new terms lists and found terms lists duringanalysis, and are not shown in the “Dictionary” window during translation. Exclusion lists can be edited.
export
To copy folders, documents, dictionaries, and Translation Memory databases to the DOS file system to make them available to another user.
folder
Contains documents belonging to one project and references to the Translation Memory databases and dictionaries you want to use during translation.
format file
A file that contains the specification of a dictionary print format. It can be created and changed with a text editor.
found terms list
A list of all terms in the documents being analyzed that were found in the selected dictionaries. The list is used to update dictionaries and exclusion lists. Found terms lists can be edited, that is, terms can be deleted, moved to a dictionary, or to an exclusion list. A found terms list can be used to fill a separate dictionary related to a document.
fuzzy match
Each segment in the translation document is compared with the selected Translation Memory. If an almost identical segment is found, a fuzzy match has occurred and the corresponding translation proposal is shown in the “Translation Memory” window with a preceding [f]. It originates from a previous translation.
fuzzy replacement match
A replacement match where a couple of words are not identical. It is displayed in the “Translation” window with a preceding [rf].Example:Document text: This is what happened in 1998.
TM proposal: This happens in 1999. In this example, the date in the TM proposal (1999) is automatically changed to the date in the document text (1998). However, happened is not replaced with happens.
header section
Section in a dictionary. Contains general dictionary information such as source language, target language, and creation date of the dictionary.
headword
Word or term placed at the beginning of an entry in a dictionary.
history log file
A file storing, in compressed form, records that contain the information collected during events, such as exporting or deleting a folder, and the result of this collection. There is one history log file per folder, which is stored as HISTLOG.DAT in the PROPERTY directory of the folder. New records are added at the end of the history log file.
homonym
Words that are spelled and pronounced alike but different in meaning. For example, the noun conduct and the verb conduct are homonyms.
homonym level
Part of a dictionary entry. Contains grammatical and syntactic information, such as part of speech, hyphenation, and abbreviation information.
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
A subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) allowing the presentation of electronically stored information within the World Wide Web (Internet).
icon
A small graphical symbol. Icons can represent windows that you want to work with (such as Folder list, Document list, Dictionary list, Translation Memory list, Terminology lists) or tasks that you want to perform.
import
To copy folders, documents, dictionaries, and Translation Memory databases from the DOS file system to make them available to OpenTM2.
Initial Translation Memory (ITM)
A Translation Memory created from existing translations and their corresponding originals. Proposals originating from an ITM are shown in the “Translation Memory” window with a preceding [m] likemachine-generated matches.
irregular match
One of the following:

  • A 1:2 match, where one source segment has been connected to two target segments
  • A 2:1 match, where two source segments have been connected to one target segment
  • A 2:2 match, where two source segments have been connected to two target segments
  • An unaligned sentence (the default color is red)
  • A sentence that is ignored (the default color is grey)
ITM
Initial Translation Memory.
JavaScript
A scripting language that resembles Java (TM) and was developed by Netscape for use with the Netscape browser.
language support files
Source languages supplied with OpenTM2. Language support files are required when looking up dictionary entries during analysis of document files and during spellcheck.
lookup
See automatic lookup and search.
machine-generated match
Originates from an Initial Translation Memory and is displayed in the “Translation Memory” window with a preceding [m]. Can be used in the same way as a fuzzy match.
maptable section
Section in a dictionary. Determines the structure of dictionary entries. Contains the total of all allowed entry fields in a dictionary.
markup
Information added to a document, for example, formatting tags, to enable a system to process it. It describes the document characteristics or specifies the actual processing to be performed.
markup language
The language specific to a word processor that describes a document layout.
markup table
Contains all tags and attributes of a particular markup language. Is used in OpenTM2 during analysis and translation.
match
The fact that a source segment in a Translation Memory and a source segment in a document to be translated at least resemble each other (fuzzy match or replacement match). If they are completely identical, it is an exact match if the translation was done by a translator, or a machine-generated match if the translation is generated by a program.
merge
Combining information of either two dictionaries or two Translation Memory databases. When merging dictionaries, OpenTM2 preserves the structure of the destination dictionary.
model dictionary
An already existing dictionary whose structure can be taken as a sample when creating a new dictionary.
model folder
An already existing folder whose properties can be taken as a sample when creating a new folder.
new terms list
A list of all the terms found in the documents being analyzed but not found in the selected dictionaries during analysis. New terms lists can be used to update dictionaries and exclusion lists. New terms lists can be edited, that is, terms can be deleted, moved to a dictionary, or to an exclusion list.
organize
Internal restructuring of frequently changed dictionaries and Translation Memory databases to shorten search times.
original document
The source of the document that you translate. You cannot edit this document but you can display it and use it for comparison or checking purposes.
postediting
Editing an already translated document. Any changes cause an automatic update of the already translated segments in the Translation Memory.
properties
A summary of the different characteristics of a folder or a document, such as a description, the markup language used in documents, and references to Translation Memory databases anddictionaries.
replacement match
An exact match where only a number or date differs. It is displayed in the “Translation” window with a preceding [r].
Example:
Document text:
This happened in 1998.
TM proposal:
This happened in 1999.
In this example, the date in the TM proposal (1999) is automatically changed to the date in the document text (1998).
reversing
Turning source segments contained in a Translation Memory into target segments and vice versa.
revision marks
Characters at the beginning and end of a segment that can be individually defined and indicate that the enclosed segment has been translated from scratch, or by copying a translation proposal and changing it, or by copying a proposal without changing it.
search
In the “Look up a Term” window, you can search for terms in a dictionary using predefined search criteria and user-definable dictionary filters. See also automatic lookup.
segment
A translation unit produced during analysis. It is usually a sentence, part of a sentence, an element of a list, or a citation.
sense level
Part of a dictionary entry. Contains semantic variations of a headword such as varying areas of meaning and usage.
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language.
shared translation material
A dictionary or Translation Memory file located on a shared disk. It can be concurrently accessed by all OpenTM2 users who are connected to the same LAN.
source document
See original document.
spellcheck
A proofreading aid to identify unrecognized or misspelled words in translation documents. Lists possible corrections for misspelled words.
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML
A set of rules that allows the format specification of a markup language independent of any individual processing system. The external file formats created during export are based on SGML.
stem
The part of an inflected word that remains unchanged except by phonetic changes or variations throughout an inflection.
subject code
Abbreviation for a particular subject area a translation applies to.
tag
Statement used to determine the format of a document file. Is contained in a markup table.
target document
See translation document.
target level
Contains all information applying to one translation variant of a headword, such as definition and usage.
template
Dictionary entry information on all levels (entry, homonym, sense, and target) relating to one specific translation of a headword.
terminology list
A generic term for the following types of lists: exclusion lists, found terms lists, and new terms lists.
translation document
The document that you translate.
Translation Environment
Environment where the actual translation is performed. It consists of a window where you can edit the document file, a window with proposals from the associated Translation Memory, and a window with translations for terms in the document. All translation proposals can be copied into the translation document.
Translation Memory
A database that contains previously translated segments added during translation and analysis.
Translation Memory databases
More than one Translation Memory .
translation proposal
The translation of a segment found in a Translation Memory during translation, where the source segment is identical (exact match) or almost identical (fuzzy match) to the current segment.
user exit
A point in an OpenTM2-supplied program at which a user exit routine may be given control.
A programming service provided by an software product that may be requested during the execution of an application program for the service of transferring control back to the application program upon the later occurrence of a user-specified event.
view details
Contents of the list windows displayed in the main window. You can define how detailed the contents of these lists is to be displayed. The default is to display only the names of the individual list items.
word count
Utility to count words (words to be translated, words already translated, markup tags) in original documents or translation documents.
workbench
The OpenTM2 main window.