Working with Translation Memory databases

A Translation Memory is a database that contains existing translations. You use a Translation Memory to find and reuse these translations.

During analysis OpenTM2 splits a document into translatable segments, which usually correspond to sentences.

A Translation Memory contains pairs of such segments that consist of an original (source) segment and a translated (target) segment, which together make up a Translation Memory segment. ATranslation Memory can contain source sentences in one source language, and translated sentences in several target languages.

Contents

Overview and terminology

Translation Memory databases are used during translation and analysis of documents.

  • During translation in the Translation Environment ,OpenTM2 displays matching sentences as translation proposals for the current sentence. You can then choose the translation proposal that represents the best translation of the sentence, and copy it into the document you currently translate.The type of match is always evaluated by comparing a sentence in the source document with source sentences in the Translation Memory.OpenTM2 proposes both exact matches and fuzzy matches. Exact matches are found if two source segments are completely identical. Fuzzy matches are found if two source segments are almost identical. TAll types of fuzzy matches are indicated by a character enclosed in brackets in front of the proposal. For example, [f] indicates a fuzzy match.If two source sentences differ by only a digit or a number, OpenTM2 proposes this as a fuzzy match, with the number already replaced with the new value. Such a fuzzy replacement match is indicated by [r]. The various types of matches are described in detail in Translation Memory matches.Whenever you translate a segment, OpenTM2 automatically adds your translation to theTranslation Memory associated with the current document. The Translation Memory is therefore being continuously updated—the translation of one sentence may even be offered as a translation proposal for the next matching segment.
  • During document analysis, you can choose to have OpenTM2 automatically replace sentences with matches that already exist in the Translation Memory. This substitution occurs only for exact matches.
  • During document analysis, OpenTM2 can also extract segments with an exact or a fuzzy match from existing Translation Memory databases and copy these segments into a new one. In this way, you can “preload” a document-related Translation Memory.

When the same original sentence appears in several places in a document, OpenTM2 also allows you to store several different translations of the sentence. In this way, you can translate a segment in different ways according to the context.

Translation Memory databases provide an efficient method of translating whenever you deal with similar or repetitive texts (for example revised editions of manuals).

During translation, you can select automatic substitution. This option automatically copies existing translated segments into the translation document for as long as it finds exact matches for the current source segments. Automatic copying stops when no exact match, or more than one exact match, has been found for a source segment. Now you must continue translating the segment manually. Afterwards automatic copying can be restarted.

Translation Memory databases can be even combined with one another. Use the merge option to merge the contents of one Translation Memory with another.

Translation Memory databases can have two formats:

  • Internal, called OpenTM2 format. The internal format is used to work with Translation Memory databases within OpenTM2 .
  • External. The external format is an SGML-based data exchange format that allows the data within Translation Memory databases to be processed outside of OpenTM2. The data in an externalTranslation Memory is interspersed between SGML tags that describe the structure of the Translation Memory as a whole and the data elements of each segment. This format allows you to edit aTranslation Memory with a text editor, for example to change or delete segments in a Translation Memory.

If you have translated documents that were translated outside OpenTM2, you can generate an Initial Translation Memory (ITM), this means you can fill a Translation Memory with existing translation segments. When you start the translation of a document that is similar to an existing one, you can benefit from your previous translations that are now available in the Initial Translation Memory.

An exported Translation Memory in SGML format is also helpful for reusing existing translations. If you have previously saved files or databases in another format, you can access them withOpenTM2 by using a program to convert them to the format of an external Translation Memory.

Translation Memory matches

During translation in the Translation Environment, OpenTM2 searches for matching segments, this means it checks whether the Translation Memory contains a previous translation of the current segment.

The system differentiates mainly between an exact match, which is completely identical, and a fuzzy match, which is an almost identical match where the fuzziness can have various degrees.

When OpenTM2 displays a matching segment in the “Translation” window of the Translation Environment, the type of fuzzy match is indicated by a preceding flag in brackets, for example [f]. Exact matches do not have such a flag.

An exact match is found when the Translation Memory contains a segment identical to the current segment in the document to be translated and when the segment translation was accepted by a human translator during translation. The segments must be identical with respect to text and punctuation but their tagging can differ.

If an identical source segment is placed in the Translation Memory by the EQFITM command or was imported as machine-generated translation, it is not regarded as an exact match. It is flagged by a preceding [m].

If you choose a Translation Memory previously used for a BookMaster (R) document, for the translation of machine-readable information, all trailing line feeds and blanks are removed when an exact match is found. This ensures that the target sentence has as many trailing line feeds as the source segment.

By default, a fuzzy match is recognized if the two segments overlap more than 33%. You can customize this threshold for segment lengths, as described in Viewing and changing the system preferences.

OpenTM2 can also show combinations of these types of matches. The following table shows the categories of matches and the flagging displayed in the “Translation Memory” window.

 

Type of match Flag
Exact (not flagged)
Matches with minor deviations:
 - Machine [m]
 - Replacement [r]
 - Machine and replacement [mr]
Fuzzy matches:
 - Fuzzy [f]
 - Fuzzy and replacement [rf]
 - Fuzzy and machine [mf]
 - Fuzzy, machine, and replacement [mrf]

What you can do with Translation Memory databases

Most of the tasks concerning Translation Memory databases begin from the “Translation Memory List” window.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. “Translation Memory List” window from the main window
  2. A Translation Memory from the window
  3. One of the enabled commands from the File or View menu

This usually takes you to another window, where you can specify the necessary options and parameters and where you can start the requested procedure.

Creating a Translation Memory

Before you can use a Translation Memory, it must be initialized. To initialize a Translation Memory, you need to specify values for a number of parameters.

The procedure described here creates an empty Translation Memory. This can subsequently be filled by translating in the Translation Environment, by copying segments from other Translation Memory databases during analysis, or by importing external Translation Memory databases.

For a description of the other methods of creating and filling a Translation Memory, see:

Prerequisites

At least one language-support file must be installed.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List”window in the main window
  2. New… from the File menu

The “New Translation Memory” window is displayed.
Eqfb7s9b.gif

Figure 90. New Translation Memory window

Options and parameters
  • Name
Type a name for the new Translation Memory.
  • Description
Type a description of the new Translation Memory. This description can be up to 40 alphanumeric characters long. It is for your personal use and is not used by OpenTM2.
  • Location of Translation Memory
Specify where you want the new Translation Memory to reside. You can keep it on a local disk drive (only you can use it) or on a shared disk drive (several translators can work with it simultaneously). See Sharing Translation Memory databases to learn about the benefits of Translation Memory databases residing on a shared disk drive. Local is the default selection. Note that a LAN drive is also considered as local drive.
  • Disk drive
Shows local or shared disk drives. Select one of the available disk drives as the drive on which you want the new Translation Memory to reside. Remember that a Translation Memory grows in size over time, so ensure that the drive you select has sufficient free space.
  • Source language
Select the source language from the list of languages displayed.

Click Create to create the new Translation Memory.

Results

The Translation Memory is created, but is still empty. You can now begin to fill it by translating text or by actions such as import, merge, or analysis.

Creating an external Translation Memory

An external Translation Memory is a file that contains segment pairs from previous translations and SGML tags. The SGML tags are used to distinguish between control information and the original and translated segments.

SGML format is used as the OpenTM2 data exchange format for Translation Memory databases.

If you have already a translation database in a format of your own and want to use the information in it with OpenTM2, you must first convert it into a file in SGML format, for example, by a conversion program that understands your database format and the SGML format. This file can then be imported into OpenTM2.

Besides generating an Initial Translation Memory (ITM), this is another method of filling a Translation Memory before beginning a translation.

When you export a Translation Memory, OpenTM2 creates a file in SGML format.

During import, you can also merge an external Translation Memory with an internal Translation Memory.

Format of an external Translation Memory

A Translation Memory in SGML-based format includes, in addition to the original and translation segments, SGML tags that describe the data structure of each segment.

You can also use this format to create an external Translation Memory containing your own translation database data.

An external Translation Memory is an ASCII coded file. It starts with and ends with .

The starting tag is followed by a description of the Translation Memory, enclosed between and tags.

The description is followed by the segment pairs. The number of segment pairs is not limited. The individual segment pairs are tagged in the following format:
Example

 nnnnnnnnnn ◄─┘ 
 ◄─┘ 
…  ◄─┘ 
<⁄Control> ◄─┘ 
...<⁄Source> ◄─┘ 
...<⁄Target> ◄─┘ 
<⁄Segment> ◄─┘

The symbol  ◄─┘ stands for the combination of the carriage return and the line feed characters. This character combination is usually generated when you press Enter to return you to the beginning of the next line.

The following describes the SGML structure sequentially.

  1. A segment begins with the tag.
  2. The segment identifier nnnnnnnnnn must immediately follow the tag and must be 10 characters long. This identifier must be unique within the Translation Memory
  3. . ◄─┘ must follow the identifier.
  4. The next tag is , and is followed by  ◄─┘ .
  5. The next line is a sequence of numbers representing the segment control information, which is described in “Control information of a Translation Memory segment”
  6. The control information must be terminated by the tag and be followed by  ◄─┘
  7. .The next tag is , followed by the source segment. It is ended by , followed by  ◄─┘ . If  ◄─┘ appears in the source segment, it is considered to be part of the source.
  8. The next tag is , followed by the target segment. It is ended by , followed by a  ◄─┘. If  ◄─┘ appears in the target segment, it is considered to be part of the target.
  9. The last tag of a segment is , followed by  ◄─┘.

The Translation Memory format shows a small part of an external Translation Memory.

The Translation Memory format

The following shows part of an SGML-based Translation Memory containing two segments. The separator in the segment control information is indicated by the symbol •. The combination of thecarriage return and the line feed characters ( ◄─┘) is not shown in this example.

 



This is a Translation Memory sample

. 
.
.
0000000001

000015•0•0000000668798940•English(U.S.)•German(national)••EQFBOOK•DEMO.SCR

The amount of data that you wish to process

Die Datenmenge, die verarbeitet werden soll


â‹®
0000000043

000003•0•0000000668798783•English(U.S.)•German(national)•EVS•EQFBOOK•DEMO.SCR

The IBM 9370 system includes a processor, I/O devices and the appropriate
software to fulfill your data processing requirements. 
Das System IBM 9370 umfaßt den Prozessor, E/A Geräte sowie die
entsprechende Software, um den Ansprüchen bei der Informationsverarbeitung
gerecht zu werden. 

.
.
.

SGML tags for external Translation Memory databases

Start tag, end tag Description
, Start and end of a Translation Memory
, Start and end of a Translation Memory segment
, Start and end of a Translation Memory description
, Start and end of the segment control information
, Start and end of a source sentence
, Start and end of a target sentence

Control information of a Translation Memory segment

The control information for each segment consists of several pieces of information, each of a specific length. The maximum length of each data element is contained in square brackets. The data elements must be separated by a character with the ASCII code 21 (X’15’), represented by the symbol §.

The control information has the following layout:

  • Segment number [6]
The segment number forms a number (with leading zeros if required) representing the position of the segment within the document file from which it originates. If you do not know this number, specify a number that is unique within this Translation Memory. The segment number is used by the Translation Memory to rank segments with an identical source.
  • Translation indicator [1]
This character can be 0 or 1:
  • 0 – Indicates that the translation is a manual translation.
  • 1 – Indicates that the translation of this segment originates from a machine translation system and has not been post-edited by a translator. If more than one exact translation match is available in the Translation Memory, OpenTM2 ranks the human translation higher than the machine translation.
  • Time stamp [16]
In exported Translation Memory databases, this data element contains a time stamp in internal format. In Translation Memory databases created outside of OpenTM2, use a value of 0.
  • Source language [20]
Any language from the list of supported source languages.
  • Target language [20]
Any language from the list of supported target languages.
  • Author [15]
Contains the name of the translator as the author of the translation of this original segment. It is the only field that is optional.
  • Markup table [8]
Any of the markup tables available.
  • File name [12]
Contains the name of the source file from which this segment originates. If you do not know the file name, put any other identification in this field. The Translation Memory uses the file name to rank segments originating from the same source. This means if a document with the name XYZ is translated and several exact translation matches are found for a specific segment, then the exact translation with the file name XYZ (if available) is ranked higher. The file name must be immediately followed by  ◄─┘.

Renaming a Translation Memory

OpenTM2 enables you to give a Translation Memory a new name.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The Translation Memory from the “Translation Memory List” window
  2. Rename from the File menu
Options and parameters
  • Rename to
Type a new name for the Translation Memory.
  • Adjust all references automatically
If you select this option, all references to the renamed Translation Memory are also changed.
Results

If you select Rename, the Translation Memory and, optionally, any references to it are renamed.

Deleting a Translation Memory

If you no longer need a Translation Memory, for example, if you have specified incorrect parameters or it has been filled with the wrong data, you can delete it.

For learning how to delete a shared Translation Memory, see Deleting a shared Translation Memory.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The Translation Memory to be deleted
  2. Delete from the File menu

Before OpenTM2 deletes the requested Translation Memory, a message window is displayed asking you to confirm that you want to delete the Translation Memory.

Options and parameters
  • If you select No, the Translation Memory is not deleted.
  • If you select Yes, the Translation Memory is deleted.
Results

If you select Yes, the Translation Memory is deleted, and the disk space is freed. Otherwise, the Translation Memory remains unchanged. References to this Translation Memory may still exist in certain folders. Update the folder properties so that the deleted Translation Memory is no longer referenced.

Exporting a Translation Memory

To make a Translation Memory available to another system or user, you can export it to create an external Translation Memory. An external Translation Memory is in an SGML-based data exchange format that you can use to pass your Translation Memory data to users who do not work with OpenTM2.

Exporting a Translation Memory can also be part of the conversion of a Translation Memory into Unicode. To convert a Translation Memory into Unicode, you must first export it from OpenTM2 and then import it again. In both cases, you select SGML UTF-16 as export format or import format.

You can also export the memory using the Translation Memory exchange format TMX.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The Translation Memory to be exported
  2. Export… from the File menu

The “Export Translation Memory” window is displayed.
Eqfb7s9c.gif

Figure 91. Export Translation Memory window

Options and parameters
  • Save in
Select the drive and directory to which the Translation Memory is to be exported.
  • File name
Contains the name of the Translation Memory to be exported. You can overwrite it with a new name.
  • Save as type
Select the format in which the Translation Memory is to be stored. Select SGML UTF-16 if the export is part of your conversion of the Translation Memory into Unicode. Select TMX (UTF-16) orTMX (UTF-8) to export the memory in the TMX format.

Click Save to begin exporting the Translation Memory.

If you selected a diskette drive and the data volume of the Translation Memory exceeds the capacity of the diskette, OpenTM2 informs you that it cannot export the Translation Memory in this way. You then must export the Translation Memory in a folder. For more information, see Exporting a folder.

Results

The Translation Memory is exported as a file that you can pass to other users or systems. The default file extension is EXP for SGML format export and TMX for TMX format export. The internal Translation Memory remains unchanged.

Creating an Initial Translation Memory

You can generate a Translation Memory already before you start translating a document in OpenTM2. In this way, you can immediately benefit from having a filled Translation Memory when you start translating, for example, updated versions of existing documents.

Such a Translation Memory is called an Initial Translation Memory (ITM). OpenTM2 lets you create an Initial Translation Memory based on existing translations—both a source file, containing the original document, and a target file, containing the corresponding translated document, must be available.

OpenTM2 scans both files to find the corresponding target segment for each original segment, that is, it aligns the segments of the two files. You are recommended to check the combinations of segments afterwards.

When you use an Initial Translation Memory during a translation, the proposals in the “Translation Memory” window are prefixed with [m] (created by machine). Such machine proposals are treated as fuzzy matches, this means that they are not used during automatic substitution.

To generate an Initial Translation Memory, you can choose between two methods. You can start generating an Initial Translation Memory:

  • From the command area
In this case you must type the EQFITM command and all required parameters in your system’s command area and press Enter. For a complete description of the syntax of this command, seeCreating an Initial Translation Memory from the command line.
  • From the Initial Translation Memory icon
In this case you must double-click theIntial Translation Memory Tool icon in the ” OpenTM2″ group window.

Note: In both cases the SGML memory is written from ITM in UNICODE format

The following sections describe how to:

  • Generate an Initial Translation Memory
  • Check the results of the alignment process (the process of combining source segments with their matching target segments)
Prerequisites
  • The original documents and corresponding translations must be available as separate files.
  • The Translation Memory that is subsequently to be used as an Initial Translation Memory must already be initialized (see Creating a Translation Memory)
  • The markup table for the document files must be the same for source and target documents.
  • The language support for the source language and the target language must be installed.
Calling sequence

Type eqfitm in the command area of your system (next to the [C:\]prompt).

  1. Press Enter to start the command.
  2. Double-click the Initial Translation Memory Tool icon in the “ OpenTM2″group window.

The “Create Initial Translation Memory” window is displayed:
Eqfb7s9d.GIF

Figure 92. Create Initial Translation Memory window

Options and parameters
  • Translation Memory
Select an existing Translation Memory to be filled with the matched segment pairs of existing translations (source segments and their matching target segments).
  • Markup
Select an existing markup table to be used for the file pairs you select.
  • Selection of file pairs
Define one file pair (source and target) at a time, then click Add to add the file pair to the Filelist list box. Then specify the next file pair or add all file pairs having the same name in the source file list and the target file list by clicking Add all matching files.

A source file is defined by the following parameters:

  • Source language
Select the language of the original document file from the list of available languages.
  • Source start path
Specify the path information that you do not want to become part of the document name when the original document is stored in the Initial Translation Memory. For example, if your source file is stored in e:\tm\project\english and you do not want e:\tm\project to become part of the name under which it is stored, specify e:\tm\project in this field.
The path you specify here can differ from the target start path. However, if you specify a source start path, you must also specify a target start path.
  • Source file
You can:
  • Type the fully qualified file name in this field.
  • Type only the file name but select the location of the file using the Browse button.
  • If you first specify the file location using the Browse button or by typing in the location into the Current Directory field, select the file name from the Files list box.
  • Current directory
This field shows the drive and path currently selected, you can modify the path directly or you can click Browse to display the “Browse for Folder” window on which you can select the appropriate path.
  • Files
Contains a list of all the files in the current directory. Select the source file.

The target file is defined similar to the source file:

  • Target language
Select the language of the target document from the list of available languages.
  • Target start path
Specify the path information that you do not want to become part of the document name when the target document is stored in the Initial Translation Memory. For example, if your target file is stored in e:\tm\project\german and you do not want e:\tm\project to become part of the name under which it is stored, specify e:\tm\project in this field.
The path you specify here can differ from the source start path. However, if you specify a target start path, you must also specify a source start path.
  • Target file
If the Current Directory field contains the correct drive and path name, either select the source document from the Files list box or type it directly into this field. Otherwise, first specify the correct drive and path information in the Current Directory field.
  • Current directory
This field shows the drive and path currently selected, you can modify the path directly or you can click Browse to display the “Browse for Folder” window on which you can select the appropriate path.
  • Files
Contains a list of all the files in the current directory. Select the target file.
  • Filelist
Displays file pairs selected for subsequent processing. All files must have the same markup. To change the selection of file pairs, use one of the following buttons:
  • Add
To save the specified file pair, click this button. The names of the source file and of the target file are added to the Filelist list box.
  • Add all matching files
To add all files having the same name in the source and target file list as file pairs.
  • Delete/Delete all
To remove a file pair, first select the file pair from the Filelist list box, then select Delete. To remove all file pairs, select Delete all.
  • Create
Starts the creation of the Initial Translation Memory and presents its contents on the screen for you to review. After you saved the Initial Translation Memory, the contained segments are treated asmachine proposals, prefixed with [m]. To remove this prefix and enable the segments to be used during the automatic substitution process, use EQFDMM.EXE.
  • Align
When all file pairs have been added to the Filelist list box, click Align to begin filling the Initial Translation Memory. The aligning process starts and connects each source segment with a corresponding target segment. The matched segments are written to the selected Translation Memory (prefixed by [m]). Mind that these segment connections have not been checked yet. As it can take some time to join the document file pairs together, a window is displayed showing the progress of the operation.
  • Prepare
Same as Create… but no visual presentation of the Initial Translation Memory contents. The selected file pairs are prefixed by p. You can use this option to create the Initial Translation Memory but view it later.
  • Cancel
Stops the interaction with this window and returns you to the starting point. Any modifications you have made are not saved.
  • Help
Gives information to help you interact with the current window.

When the generation of the Initial Translation Memory is completed, a message window appears containing the number of paired segments. If you pressed the Create… button, the contents of the Initial Translation Memory is presented in a window on the screen. How you work with this window is described in Revising an Initial Translation Memory.

Results

The Initial Translation Memory is filled with matching source and target segments, using the file pairs you selected.

It is recommended that you check the correctness of the matches made by OpenTM2. You can do this before you start translation work with this Translation Memory as described in Revising an Initial Translation Memory, or online using the Initial Translation Memory specific editor (see Revising an Initial Translation Memory). This editor is invoked by selecting the Create button in the “Create Initial Translation Memory” window.

If you start to use the Initial Translation Memory without any further checking, it is recommended to treat the machine-generated matches (prefixed by [m]) in the same way as fuzzy matches (prefixed by [f]). When you copy these proposals into your translation, check whether they need to be adapted and change them where necessary.

If you choose to use automatic substitution during analysis, machine-generated matches are not used.

Importing a Translation Memory

If you receive an external Translation Memory, you can import it into OpenTM2.

During the import, you can also merge the data from an external Translation Memory into a Translation Memory that already exists in OpenTM2.

Importing a Translation Memory can also be part of the conversion of a Translation Memory into Unicode. To convert a Translation Memory into Unicode, you must first export it from OpenTM2 and then import it again. In both cases, you select SGML Unicode as export or import format.

Prerequisites
  • The Translation Memory to be imported must exist.
  • If you want to merge the data from the external Translation Memory into an existing Translation Memory, both Translation Memory databases must have the same source language.
Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List”window from the main window
  2. Optionally the Translation Memory into which to import the external Translation Memory
  3. Import… from the File menu

The “Import Translation Memory” window is displayed.
MemImport.gif

Figure 93. Import Translation Memory window

Options and parameters
  • Look in
Select the directory where Translation Memory to be imported is currently stored.
  • File name
Enter the file name of the Translation Memory to be imported or select one or more entries in the list box.
  • Format
Select the format of the Translation Memory to be imported
  • SGML ANSI for the import of external memory databases in the SGML (.EXP) format in ANSI encoding
  • SGML ASCII for the import of external memory databases in the SGML (.EXP) format in ASCII encoding
  • SGML UTF16 for the import of external memory databases in the SGML (.EXP) format in Unicode (UTF-16) encoding
  • TMX for the import of external memory databases in the TMX (Translation Memory Exchange) format
  • TMX (Trados) for the import of external memory databases in the TMX (Translation Memory Exchange) format which have been exported using the Trados translation tool, for this special import format any RTF tagging contained in the imported segment data is removed
  • To memory
Contains the name of the Translation Memory to be imported. You can overwrite this name or select one from the list box.If you specify a Translation Memory that does not exist yet, the “New Translation Memory” window is displayed for you to create it (see Creating a Translation Memory).

If you select or specify an existing Translation Memory, the contents of the Translation Memory to be imported are merged into it.

When you have specified your input, click Import.
For information on importing Translation Memory databases from other OpenTM2 products, see Exchanging data with other OpenTM2 products.

Results

The Translation Memory data is imported into the selected target Translation Memory and you can begin to work with it. The external Translation Memory remains unchanged.

Merging Translation Memory databases

If several translators are working on a large document, each of them uses and updates a separate Translation Memory.

For the translation of subsequent releases of the document, it is useful to merge these to create a single consolidated Translation Memory.

You can merge Translation Memory databases in two ways:

  • While importing an external Translation Memory (see Importing a Translation Memory).
  • By merging two internal Translation Memory databases

The merging of two Translation Memory databases is described using two sample names, TMEM01 and TMEM02.

Prerequisites
  • The two Translation Memory databases to be merged must exist.
  • They must have the same source language.
Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List” window
  2. The Translation Memory to be merged, for example, TMEM01
  3. Select Merge… from the File menu

The “Merge Translation Memory” window is displayed.
Eqfb7s9g.GIF

Figure 94. Merge Translation Memory window

Options and parameters

The Into Translation Memory list box displays all available Translation Memory databases. Select the Translation Memory, for example TMEM02, into which to merge the previously selectedTranslation Memory TMEM01.

When you have selected the target Translation Memory, click Merge to begin merging the Translation Memory databases.

Results

The contents of TMEM01 is merged into the target Translation Memory TMEM02. The Translation Memory TMEM01 remains unchanged. You can begin to use the extended Translation MemoryTMEM02.

Archiving a Translation Memory

When you have finished a translation project you can archive the translated documents in another or a new Translation Memory. You then have a clean Translation Memory without redundancies.

Prerequisites

At least one segment of the document or documents you want to archive must have been translated.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Folder List” or “Document List”window, depending on whether you want to archive a single or all documents in a folder.
  2. The folder or document.
  3. Build Archive Translation Memory… from theUtilities menu.

The “Build Archive Translation Memory” window is displayed.
Eqfb7s9a.gif

Figure 95. Build Archive Translation Memory window

Options and parameters
  • Documents being searched
This box lists the documents that are searched for translated segments to be included in the Translation Memory.
  • Archive into Translation Memory
Select an existing Translation Memory or type the name for a new Translation Memory in which the documents are to be archived.
  • Use as folder Translation Memory
Select this option if you want to use the Translation Memory as the new folder Translation Memory.
Results

The documents are stored in the specified Translation Memory. If you specified an existing Translation Memory, you are asked whether you want to overwrite its contents or merge the new entries with the existing ones.

Organizing a Translation Memory

Occasionally OpenTM2 prompts you to organize a Translation Memory. A Translation Memory must be organized to delete obsolete segments, to repair a defective Translation Memory, or to upgrade a backlevel Translation Memory.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory to be organized must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List”window
  2. The Translation Memory to be organized
  3. Organize from the File menu

Organizing begins immediately. As it may take some time to organize a large Translation Memory, a window is displayed showing you the progress.

Options and parameters

None.

Results

The Translation Memory is now organized and the new number of segments in the Translation Memory is displayed. You can continue to use it.

Revising an Initial Translation Memory

To increase the reliability of the automatically generated Initial Translation Memory, it is necessary to check the correctness of the relation between source and target segments.

With the Initial Translation Memory editor you can see the contents of the Initial Translation Memory at a glance to verify the correspondence between source and target segments. When a target segment does not correspond to a source segment, you can perform the necessary changes.

The original segments are displayed in the “Source” window, the corresponding translations in the “Target” window. The segment pairs are synchronized with each other. That means that a target segment is displayed at the same level on the screen as the source segment and with the same background color. The following describes how to work with the Initial Translation Memory editor.

Prerequisites

The “Create Initial Translation Memory” window must be invoked and filled in.

Calling sequence

Select:

  • The Create button from the “Create Initial Translation Memory” window.

The “Edit Initial Translation Memory” window is displayed. It consists of two windows. One window shows source segments, the other window shows the corresponding target segments.
Eqfb7s9g.GIF

Figure 96. Edit Initial Translation Memory window

Options and parameters

For information on how to work with the Initial Translation Memory editor see The Initial Translation Memory editor.

Results

You are now ready to verify the correctness of the automatically generated pairs of source segments and their translated equivalents. When you leave the editor the segment pairs are stored in the Translation Memory.

The Initial Translation Memory editor

On the menu bar of the “Edit Initial Translation Memory” window you can select the following items:

  • File
To save changes in the “Initial Translation Memory” window and to exit.
  • Edit
To find and replace, split and join, cut and paste, delete, and do other operations on the text.
  • Align
To manipulate the relation between source and target segments.
  • Options
To change the view of the “Source” and “Target” windows and to modify colors and fonts.
  • Cursor
To move and change the cursor position in the “Source” and “Target” windows, to mark segments, and to set bookmarks.
  • Style
To change the display of markup information.
  • Help
To get information that helps you interact with the current window.

File menu

Menu or key Function
Save (F2) Saves the current segment connections. If you have selected another pair of files, the segment connections resulting from these files will be displayed next.
Quit (F3) Quits the “Edit Initial Translation Memory” window without saving changes.
End-Save (F4) Quits the “Edit Initial Translation Memory” window and saves any changes to the selected Translation Memory.
Toggle window (Ctrl+t) Activates the opposite window (“Source” or “Target”).

Edit menu

Menu or key Function
Find and replace… (Ctrl+f) Locates a term in the source or target document, depending on where the cursor is located, and changes it as specified. You can only change a term if the Initial Translation Memory can be edited.
Cut (Ctrl+x) Copies a marked text section to the system clipboard and removes text afterwards.
Copy (Ctrl+c) Copies a marked text section to the system clipboard for later pasting.
Paste (Ctrl+v) Inserts text from the clipboard into the active segment at the current cursor position.
Undo Restores the original state as it was before an action was performed.
Split line Splits the line at the current cursor position.
Join line Combines the current line with the following line.
Toggle initial caps Changes the initial caps to small initials.
Add an abbreviation (Ctrl+a) Adds the term where the cursor is positioned to the list of abbreviations associated to the current source language.

Align menu

Menu or key Function
Connect segments (Ctrl+o) Relates the marked source segment to the marked target segment.
Delete connection (Ctrl+d) Removes a connection between a source segment and a target segment. Either of the segments must be marked.
Ignore segment (Ctrl+i) Removes a marked segment from the ITM which you do not want to be connected with another segment, or that does not have a match in the opposite file. The ignored segment remains visible but gets a different background color.
Undo Ignore (Ctrl+u) Makes a previously ignored segment available for connection with a matching
segment in the opposite file. Note that the segment must be marked before you use.
Join segments (Ctrl+j) Combines the currently active segment with the following one.
Split joined segments (Ctrl+s) Splits a previously joined segment at the current cursor position.

Options menu

Menu Function
Colors… Lets you define the colors for the segments in the “Source”and “Target”windows.
Fonts… Lets you set the font and font size for the “Source”and “Target” windows in the “Set Fonts” window.
Arrange Changes the arrangement of the “Source” and “Target” windows. You can arrange them (the target document is positioned next to the source document on the right half of the screen) or (the target document is positioned below the source document on the lower half of the screen).
Parallel Positions the segments in the “Source” window parallel to their matches in the “Target” window. That means that lines may be inserted in either the “Source”or the “Target” window to achieve that a segment is presented at the same position as its counterpart.
Automatic linewrap Wraps the text at the end of a line.
Visible white spaces Replaces blanks in the text with a dot and displays a ¶ sign at the end of a segment or in an empty line to make them visible.

Cursor menu

Menu Function
Next connection (Ctrl+Shift+Down) Moves the cursor to the next connected segment pair.
Previous connection (Ctrl+Shift+Up) Moves the cursor to the previous connected segment pair.
Next unaligned (Alt+Down) Moves the cursor to the next segment for which no matching segment has been found. This can be either in the same or in the opposite window.
Previous unaligned (Alt+Up) Moves the cursor to the previous segment for which no matching segment has been found. This can be either in the same or in the opposite window.
Next irregular (Shift+Alt+Down) Moves the cursor to the next and marks it. An irregular match can be one of the following:

  • A 1:2 match, where one source segment is connected to two target segments
  • A 2:1 match, where two source segments are connected to one target segment
  • A 2:2 match, where two source segments are connected to two target segments
  • An unaligned sentence (the default color is red)
  • A sentence that is ignored (the default color is gray)
Previous irregular (Shift+Alt+Up) Moves the cursor to the previous irregular match and marks it.
Synchronize (Ctrl+Enter) Positions the current segment and its match in the opposite window beside one another at the same level.
Mark segment (Ctrl+m) Marks the segment where the cursor is positioned. A segment must be marked to connect and to remove it.
Unmark segment (Ctrl+n) Removes the marking from a segment. Only one segment in a window can be marked.
Go to line… Enables you to specify the number of the line to which you want to move your cursor.
Query line Informs you in which line your cursor is located.
Set bookmark Sets a bookmark at the current cursor position. This makes it easier for you to return to this point in the Initial Translation Memoryat a later point of time. You can set several bookmarks, for example, at all those alignments that you want to check again later.
Go to bookmark Moves the cursor to the position where you set a bookmark.
Clear bookmark Removes a bookmark from the segment where the cursor is located.

Style menu

Menu Function
Protect The markup tags are shown but cannot be overwritten (see the example given in Figure 2).
Unprotect The markup tags are shown and you can overwrite and change them.
Hide The markup tags are not shown.
Shrink All markup tags outside segments are not shown. A replacement character is shown instead (see the example given in Figure 2).
Compact All markup tags are replaced with a replacement character to indicate the position of each tag (see the example given in Figure 2).
Compact+1 Markup tags are shown up to a length of 10 characters and cannot be changed. Longer markup tags are followed by three dots (…), for example[Style=@Out…

The status bar at the bottom of the window displays the following information from left to right:

  1. The total number of segments in the source window compared to the total number of segments in the target window.
  2. The number of segments in the source window that have an irregular match in the target window compared to the number of segments in the target window that have an irregular match in the source window.
  3. The number of segments in the source window that have no match in the target window compared to the number of segments in the target window that have no match in the source window.
  4. The number of ignored segments in the source window compared to the number of ignored segments in the target window.
  5. The relation of source segments to target segments. For example, 2:1 means that two source segments have been connected to one target segment.

Revising a Translation Memory

To improve the quality of your translations, you may wish to check the contents of a Translation Memory from time to time, and modify or remove translations that are stored there. Doing these changes directly in the Translation Memory lets you benefit from polished translations the next time you use this repository.

Therefore, OpenTM2 offers a Translation Memory that can be manipulated. You can browse its contents, make changes to existing translations, or delete complete entries from it. You can work on a Translation Memory contents in an editor window as if you were editing normal text. The original segments are displayed in the “Original” window, the corresponding translations in the “Translation” window.

You make your changes in the “Translation” window. Translation Memory files can be huge. To make it easier for you to find a certain translation, you have the choice to narrow down what you are looking for. For example, you can search for a certain translation segment, or for translations made within a certain time frame. The following describes how to open a Translation Memory in order to work with it.

Note: Use this function with care. A Translation Memory that has grown over a period of time is an essential asset for all your translations. Therefore it is good practice to avoid any uncontrolled changes. There is no Quit or Undo function. All changes become effective immediately.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory you want to work with must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List” window from the main window
  2. The Translation Memory you wish to edit
  3. Open from the File menu or double-click the Translation Memory name

You are first prompted with the “Translation Memory Editor” window to specify what you are looking for in the selected Translation Memory. For more information on how to work with this window seeSearching a translation. After you specified the search criteria, the “Edit Translation Memory” window (see Figure 97) is displayed. It consists of two windows. The “Original” window lets you view the original text, in the “Translation” window you can make your changes. By pressing Ctrl+Enter you can move from segment to segment.
Eqfb7s9h neu.GIF

Figure 97. Edit Translation Memory window

Options and parameters

For information on how to use the Translation Memory editor functions, see The Translation Memory editor.

Results

You open a Translation Memory to work on the translations that are stored in it. In the “Edit Translation Memory” window you can browse the original texts and revise the corresponding translations. If you need to change or remove translated text, you can do this in the “Translation” window where you are assisted by an editor. How you use this editor is explained in The Translation Memory editor.

Searching a translation

Translation Memory files can be huge. You can search for a certain translation segment or for specific translations. In the “Translation Memory Editor” window you specify the individual search criteria. The Look up… button starts the search in the Translation Memory and displays the found Translation Memory contents in the “Edit Translation Memory” window. The following describes how to specify the search criteria.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory you want to work with must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List”window from the main window
  2. The Translation Memory you wish to edit
  3. Open from the File menu

The “Translation Memory Editor” window is displayed.
Eqfb7s9i.gif

Figure 98. Translation Memory Editor window

Options and parameters
  • Search for segment number
Each segment in the Translation Memory has a number. It is displayed in the status bar of the “Edit Translation Memory” window as part of the document name. Instead of specifying the segment to be searched, or part of it, you can type its number here.
  • Search string or sentence
Type the term or sentence you are looking for. You can also use wildcard characters (Use ‘*’ and ‘?’ for wildcard search). For example, if you are looking for a product name beginning with “Star” and you are not sure about the product’s exact name, you can type Star*.
  • Case
Specify whether the search for the requested text string is to be case-sensitive (respect case sensitivity). The default setting is ignore case sensitivity.
  • Search in
Specify whether the search is to be performed on the original entries (Source) or on the translations (Target). The default setting is Source.
  • Markup
Specify the markup language of the text you are looking for.
  • Find only matches with more than one translation
Specify whether you want to retrieve only original segments with more than one translation. If there is only one translation for an original segment, this segment will be ignored during the search in the Translation Memory and not displayed. Use this option to revise translation variants.
  • Use date range
Specify the period of time when translations were stored in the Translation Memory selected. Only the original segments of those translations that were added to the Translation Memory during the specified period are displayed in the “Edit Translation Memory” window. The default setting for the time span is January 1992 until the present time. Select Select… to alter this time span.
  • Use document(s)
Type the name of the document from which the translation is to originate. Select Select… to type the name of a document. You may use * as wildcard character.
  • Restrict search to
Specify whether you want to restrict your search to segments that were translated by machine (m-flagged segments only) or segments that were not translated by machine (segments w/o m flag).
  • Maximum number of segments to load
The segments are loaded into the editor in stages. Specify the maximum number of segments that you want to be loaded into the Translation Memory editor at one time. You can specify a number between 5 and 99999. The default setting is 99999.

Click Look up… to start the search.

Results

The Translation Memory is searched according to the search criteria specified in the “Translation Memory Editor” window. The found matches are loaded into the editor and displayed in the “Edit Translation Memory” window where you can revise them. How you revise Translation Memory entries is described in The Translation Memory editor.

The Translation Memory editor

To revise the entries in a Translation Memory, you are assisted by an editor. The functions of this editor support you when changing the Translation Memory entries.

The editor consists of two windows. The “Original” window shows original segments, the “Translation” window shows the corresponding translations. By pressing Ctrl+Enter you can move from segment to segment.

From the menu bar of the “Edit Translation Memory” window you can select the following items:

  • File
To save changes, to exit the editor, to load more segments, to switch between “Translation” and “Editor” window.
  • Edit
To find and replace, to split and join, to cut and paste, to delete, and do other operations on the text.
  • Options

To change colors and fonts, and to arrange the editor windows.

  • Style
To change your view of markup tags.

File menu

Menu or key Function
Next Loads another collection of segments into the editor if more segments are found in the Translation Memory than the number set in the “Translation Memory Editor” window.
Previous Loads the previous collection of segment pairs into the editor.
New query (F5) Saves any changes made in the Translation Memory. Returns you to the “Translation Memory Editor” window.
Quit (F4) Saves any changes made in the Translation Memory editor and returns you to the OpenTM2 main window.
Toggle windows (Ctrl+t) Activates the opposite window (“Original”or “Translation”).

Edit menu

Many of the editor functions are tied to the “Translation” window only. If a function on the Edit menu cannot be performed in the “Original” window, the function is disabled whenever the “Original” window becomes active. If a keystroke editor function does not apply to the active window, the system beeps.

 

Menu or key Function
Find and replace… (Alt+F6) Locates a term and replaces it as specified. Works in “Translation”and “Original” window. Changes in the original text are not allowed.
Cut Copies a marked text section to the system clipboard and removes text afterwards.Works in “Translation” window only.
Copy Copies a marked text section to the system clipboard for later pasting.Works in “Translation” and “Original” window. Text cannot be pasted into “Original”window though.
Paste Inserts text from clipboard into active segment at current cursor position.Works in “Translation” window only.
Undo Restores the original state as it was before an action was performed.Works in “Translation” window only.
Unmark block (Alt+m) Removes marking from a text section.Works in “Translation” and “Original” window.
Split line (Alt+s) Splits line at current cursor position.Works in “Translation” window only.
Join line (Alt+j) Combines current line with following line.Works in “Translation” window only.
Delete Lets you choose either of the following options:

Current segment (Ctrl+d)
Removes only the currently active segment from the Translation Memory.
All segments
Removes all segments from the Translation Memory (those that were loaded in the editor). Works in “Translation” and “Original” window.
Set m flag Lets you choose one of the following options:

Delete one m flag
Deletes the m flag contained in the current segment.
Delete all m flags
Deletes all m flags contained in the Translation Memory.
Set one m flag
Displays the m flag for the current segment.
Set all m flags
Displays the m flags for all machine translations in the Translation Memory that are currently loaded into the editor.

The following key combinations let you manipulate text in both the “Original” and “Translation” windows. Note that the two windows are synchronized with each other. That means, whenever you activate a segment in the “Translation” window, it becomes active in the “Original” window too, and vice versa. The matching segment in the opposite window is presented beside the active one at the same level.

 

Keys Function
Ctrl+Shift+Left Marks previous word from cursor position to beginning of word.
Ctrl+Shift+Right Marks next word from cursor position to end of word including the blank space.
Ctrl+Insert Copies marked block to system clipboard.
Ctrl+Delete Deletes all characters from current cursor position to end of line in active segment.Works in “Translation” window only.
Ctrl+Home Moves cursor to first segment in window.
Ctrl+End Moves cursor to last segment in window.
Ctrl+left Moves cursor to beginning of previous word.
Ctrl+right Moves cursor to beginning of next word.
Ctrl+Enter Activates next segment or segment where cursor is positioned.
Ctrl+t Toggles between “Original” window and “Translation” window.
Shift+left Extends text marking by one character to the left.
Shift+right Extends text marking by one character to the right.
Shift+Up Extends text marking to the previous line.
Shift+Down Extends text marking to the next line.
Shift+Insert Inserts text from clipboard at current cursor position in active segment.
Alt+F6 Locates a term and changes it as specified.Works in “Translation” window and “Original” window. Changes in the original text are not allowed.
Alt+Delete Deletes all characters from current cursor position to end of active segment. Works in “Translation” window only.
Alt+j Joins current line with following line.Works in “Translation” window only.
Alt+s Splits line at current cursor position.Works in “Translation” window only.
Alt+n Loads next collection of segments.
Alt+p Loads previous collection.
Alt+m Removes marking from a text section.
Up Moves cursor one line up.
Down Moves cursor one line down.
Right Moves cursor one character right.
Left Moves cursor one character left.
Home Moves cursor to beginning of current line.
End Moves cursor to end of current line.
Page Up Moves text one page up.
Page Down Moves text one page down.
Delete If a text section has been marked, the marked text is removed. If no text has been marked, the character where the cursor is positioned is removed.
Backspace Moves cursor back by one character in the active segment and deletes this character.
Insert Switches from insert mode to overtype mode and vice versa. When you insert text in insert mode, the existing text is moved to the right to make room for the new text. If you want to type over the existing text, switch to overtype mode.
F3 Quits the Translation Memory editor and returns you to the workbench.
F4 Saves any changes made in the Translation Memory and returns you to the “Translation Memory Editor” window.
Enter Moves to next line.
Double-click left mouse button Marks entire segment beginning from the cursor position.
Double-click right mouse button Removes marking from a segment.

Options menu

Menu Function
Colors… Lets you change foreground and background colors. Note that if you change colors in the “Translation” window or the “Original” window, it will change colors in the translation editor windows accordingly. See also to learn how to work with the “Set Colors” window.
Fonts… Lets you change fonts and their sizes. Note that if you change a font or a font size in the “Translation” window or the “Original”window, it will change the font or font size in the translation editor windows accordingly. See also to learn how to work with the “Set Fonts” window.
Arrange Lets you arrange windows. Horizontal positions the “Translation” window below the “Original” window. positions the “Translation” window next to the “Original” window on the right half of the screen.

Style menu

Menu Function
Protect Markup tags cannot be overwritten.
Unprotect Markup tags within a currently active translation can be overwritten.
Hide Markup tags are not shown (they are there, but invisible).
Compact Markup tags are replaced by a special character indicating the position of the tag.

The status bar at the bottom of the editor window displays the following information (from left to right):

  • M flag
Shows whether or not the Translation Memory contains any m flags (On or Off).
  • Document
Displays the name of the document where the active translation segment originates from and the line number of the segment.
  • Date
Displays the date at which the translation was added to the Translation Memory.
  • Segment n of m
Displays the number of the currently active segment (n) and the total number of segments loaded into the editor (m).
  • Loaded
Displays how much of the Translation Memory has been loaded into the editor.

Revising external Translation Memory databases

An external Translation Memory contains segments in their original sequence. That is, the segments are placed in an external Translation Memory in the sequence in which they occur in the documents.

You can edit the external Translation Memory with an editor of your choice as follows:

  1. Remove all segments that have no corresponding source or target segment.
  2. To show that a segment pair has been checked for correctness by a human translator and that it is no longer a machine-generated match, change the character that indicates machine translation in the external Translation Memory. To see where this character is located in the segment control information of the external Translation Memory and how to change it, refer to Format of an external Translation Memory.

Viewing the properties of a Translation Memory

The properties of a Translation Memory are:

  • Memory Name
The name of the Translation Memory.
  • Full Memory Name
The name of the Translation Memory including its location.
  • Description
The description of the Translation Memory.
  • Source language
The source of the Translation Memory, this means, the language of the terms (headwords).
  • Drive
The drive where the Translation Memory resides.
  • Last update
The date and time of the last update of the Translation Memory.
  • Size of index file
The total size of the Translation Memory, in bytes.
  • Different Segments
The total number of different segments stored in the Translation Memory, which have different translations, which are from different languages or which have different markup tables.
  • Markup
A list of all markup tables used by the segments of this Translation Memory.
  • Documents
A list of the documents for which segments are stored in this Translation Memory.
Prerequisites

The Translation Memory must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. A Translation Memory from the “Translation Memory List” window.
  2. Porperties Summary… from the File menu
Results

A document in HTML format is displayed containing a summary of the Translation Memory properties is displayed.
Eqfb7s9k.GIF

Figure 99. Memory Properties document

If you want to view more properties or change the properties of a Translation Memory, refer to Changing the properties of a Translation Memory.

Changing the properties of a Translation Memory

All properties of a Translation Memory can be viewed, but only the description can be changed.

Prerequisites

The Translation Memory must exist.

Calling sequence

Select:

  1. The “Translation Memory List” window
  2. The Translation Memory from the list of Translation Memory databases
  3. Properties… from the File menu

This takes you to the “Translation Memory Properties” window.
Eqfb7s9j.gif

Figure 100. Translation Memory Properties window

Options and parameters

The “Translation Memory Properties” window lists the characteristics of the selected Translation Memory. Only the Description field can be changed.

  • Name
The name of the Translation Memory.
  • Short name
The short name of the Translation Memory.
  • Description
The description of the Translation Memory. It can be up to 40 characters long.
  • Location
Can be local (only one translator can use it at a time) or shared (several translators can use it simultaneously).
  • Disk drive
The drive where the Translation Memory resides.
  • Source language
The source of the Translation Memory, this means the language of the terms (headwords).
  • Different Segments
The total number of different segments stored in the Translation Memory which have different translations, which are from different languages or which have different markup tables.
  • File size
The total size of the Translation Memory, in bytes.
  • Last update
The date and time of the last update of the Translation Memory.
  • Documents
A list of the documents for which segments are stored in this Translation Memory.
  • Markups
A list of all markup tables used by the segments of this Translation Memory.
Results

If you select Change, the Translation Memory description is changed according to your specification. Otherwise, it remains unchanged. You are returned to the previous window.

Viewing the details of a Translation Memory

In the “Translation Memory List” window, you can display additional information about a Translation Memory. You can define which details you want to be displayed and in which order.

The Translation Memory details are:

  • Name
The name of the Translation Memory.
  • Description
The description of the Translation Memory.
  • Size
The size of the Translation Memory (number of bytes).
  • Drive
The drive on which the Translation Memory resides.
  • Owner
Shows who created the Translation Memory if it is a shared one. If it is a local Translation Memory, n/a is displayed.
  • Source Language
The language of the source segments.

You can toggle between two display modes:

  • Display the Translation Memory names only
  • Display selected details

You can change the arrangement of the Translation Memory details in the “Change Details” window described in Viewing and changing the details of a list item.